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PremiseMultiple transitions from insect to wind pollination are associated with polyploidy and unisexual flowers inThalictrum(Ranunculaceae), yet the underlying genetics remains unknown. We generated a draft genome ofThalictrum thalictroides, a representative of a clade with ancestral floral traits (diploid, hermaphrodite, and insect pollinated) and a model for functional studies. Floral transcriptomes ofT. thalictroidesand of wind‐pollinated, andromonoeciousT. hernandeziiare presented as a resource to facilitate candidate gene discovery in flowers with different sexual and pollination systems. MethodsA draft genome ofT. thalictroidesand two floral transcriptomes ofT. thalictroidesandT. hernandeziiwere obtained from HiSeq 2000 Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly. ResultsTheT. thalictroidesde novo draft genome assembly consisted of 44,860 contigs (N50 = 12,761 bp, 243 Mbp total length) and contained 84.5% conserved embryophyte single‐copy genes. Floral transcriptomes contained representatives of most eukaryotic core genes, and most of their genes formed orthogroups. DiscussionTo validate the utility of these resources, potential candidate genes were identified for the different floral morphologies using stepwise data set comparisons. Single‐copy gene analysis and simple sequence repeat markers were also generated as a resource for population‐level and phylogenetic studies.